The IGCSE Biology exam tests students on core principles of living organisms, classification, and key biological processes. Below are 10 carefully solved IGCSE Biology questions to help sharpen your preparation for the 2025 exam.

Question 1: Characteristics of Living Organisms

Q1. What are characteristics of all organisms?
A) Ejection and excretion
B) Ejection and nutrition
C) Excretion and nutrition
D) Excretion and photosynthesis

Solution:
The universal characteristics of life are remembered by MRS GREN (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition). All organisms carry out excretion and nutrition, while photosynthesis is only for plants.
Correct Answer: C (Excretion and nutrition).

Question 2: Scientific Names

Q2. The scientific name for the golden eagle is:
A) Aquila aquila
B) Aquila chrysaetos
C) Aquila cristatus
D) Aquila aureus

Solution:
By binomial nomenclature, the golden eagle is scientifically named Aquila chrysaetos.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 3: Photosynthesis

Q3. Which of the following is required for photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen and glucose
B) Carbon dioxide and water
C) Nitrogen and sunlight
D) Oxygen and chlorophyll

Solution:
Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 4: Classification

Q4. Which kingdom do mushrooms belong to?
A) Plantae
B) Protista
C) Fungi
D) Monera

Solution:
Mushrooms are fungi, distinct from plants because they lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize.
Correct Answer: C (Fungi).

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Question 5: Respiration

Q5. The process of breaking down glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen is called:
A) Anaerobic respiration
B) Aerobic respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Fermentation

Solution:
When oxygen is available, cells use aerobic respiration to produce ATP efficiently.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 6: Enzymes

Q6. Enzymes are best described as:
A) Hormones that regulate metabolism
B) Proteins that act as catalysts
C) Vitamins that give energy
D) Minerals that speed reactions

Solution:
Enzymes are biological catalysts made of proteins, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 7: Transport in Plants

Q7. Which tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?
A) Phloem
B) Cambium
C) Xylem
D) Cortex

Solution:
Xylem vessels transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
Correct Answer: C (Xylem).

Question 8: Human Circulatory System

Q8. The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body is:
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Right ventricle

Solution:
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood at high pressure to the rest of the body via the aorta.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 9: Genetics

Q9. The physical expression of a gene is called:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome

Solution:
While genotype refers to the genetic makeup, phenotype is the observable trait expressed.
Correct Answer: B.

Question 10: Ecology

Q10. The role of an organism in its habitat is its:
A) Habitat
B) Community
C) Niche
D) Population

Solution:
A niche is the specific role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including feeding and interactions.
Correct Answer: C (Niche).

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Conclusion

These 10 solved IGCSE Biology questions cover living characteristics, classification, photosynthesis, respiration, genetics, and ecology. Practicing them will help students gain confidence and excel in the 2025 IGCSE Biology exam.

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