The JAMB Biology exam tests knowledge of life processes, cell biology, plants, animals, and ecology. Below are 10 carefully solved JAMB Biology questions to guide you in preparing for the 2026 UTME.

Question 1: Building Blocks of Life

Q1. The major building block of an organism is:
A) Nitrogen
B) Carbon
C) Water
D) Sulfur

Solution:
All biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) are primarily carbon-based. For example, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and DNA have carbon backbones.
Correct Answer: B (Carbon).

Question 2: Loss of Water in Plants

Q2. The process by which plants lose water to the atmosphere is:
A) Transpiration
B) Putation
C) Translocation
D) Evaporation

Solution:
Plants lose water mainly through stomata in leaves. This process is called transpiration.
Correct Answer: A (Transpiration).

Question 3: Transport in Humans

Q3. The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is the:
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava

Solution:
The pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood, transporting it from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Correct Answer: C (Pulmonary vein).

Question 4: Photosynthesis

Q4. The immediate source of energy for photosynthesis is:
A) Water
B) ATP
C) Light
D) Oxygen

Solution:
Photosynthesis begins when light energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll.
Correct Answer: C (Light).

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Question 5: Enzymes

Q5. Enzymes are best described as:
A) Hormones that regulate digestion
B) Organic catalysts that speed up reactions
C) Proteins that provide energy
D) Vitamins that prevent diseases

Solution:
Enzymes are biological (organic) catalysts made of proteins that lower activation energy and speed up metabolic reactions.
Correct Answer: B (Organic catalysts).

Question 6: Genetics

Q6. The physical appearance of an organism as determined by its genetic constitution is its:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Chromosome
D) Allele

Solution:
The phenotype is the observable trait (e.g., tall plant, blue eyes) determined by genotype and environment.
Correct Answer: B (Phenotype).

Question 7: Ecology

Q7. A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular place is a:
A) Population
B) Community
C) Habitat
D) Ecosystem

Solution:
A population refers to individuals of the same species living together in an area.
Correct Answer: A (Population).

Question 8: Nutrition

Q8. Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?
A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Water

Solution:
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Hence, carbon dioxide is not a product.
Correct Answer: C (Carbon dioxide).

Question 9: Respiration

Q9. Which of the following is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
A) Lactic acid
B) Alcohol
C) Oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide

Solution:
In humans, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, leading to muscle cramps.
Correct Answer: A (Lactic acid).

Question 10: Cell Biology

Q10. The organelle responsible for energy production in cells is the:
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome

Solution:
Mitochondria are the “powerhouses of the cell,” producing ATP during respiration.
Correct Answer: B (Mitochondrion).

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Conclusion

These 10 solved JAMB Biology questions cover cell biology, ecology, genetics, enzymes, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant physiology. Mastering them gives you an edge in the 2026 UTME Biology exam.

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Credit: Allschool, Allcbt

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