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GCE Biology Past Questions and Answers

Published on Sep 8, 2025 • Education

Introduction

Preparing for Biology in the GCE exam can feel overwhelming. However, practicing with past questions makes the journey much easier. In this guide, you’ll find carefully selected likely GCE Biology questions, complete with answers and explanations.

These questions cover essential areas such as cell biology, photosynthesis, human physiology, ecology, and diseases. Moreover, each solution is explained in simple language to boost your confidence.

Practice Questions and Answers

Question 1 – Anabolic Process

Which of the following is an anabolic process?

A. Excretion
B. Fermentation
C. Photolysis
D. Photosynthesis
E. Transportation

Answer: D. Photosynthesis
Anabolic processes build up molecules rather than break them down. For example, photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide and water to form glucose, making it anabolic. By contrast, fermentation is catabolic.

Question 2 – Kidney Diseases

The following are kidney diseases except:

A. Diuresis
B. Hepatitis
C. Kidney stones
D. Nephritis
E. Oedema

Answer: B. Hepatitis
Hepatitis is a disease of the liver, not the kidney. In contrast, nephritis and kidney stones directly affect kidney function.

Question 3 – Reflex Action

The following are involved in reflex action except:

A. Receptors
B. Sensory neurons
C. Brain
D. Motor neurons
E. Effectors

Answer: C. Brain
Reflexes are automatic responses coordinated by the spinal cord. As a result, the brain is not directly involved.

Question 4 – Plant Transport

Which tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?

A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Cortex
D. Epidermis

Answer: B. Xylem
Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the roots upward. On the other hand, phloem transports food.

Question 5 – Photosynthesis

Which of these is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

A. CO₂ + H₂O → Glucose + O₂
B. CO₂ + O₂ → Glucose + H₂O
C. Glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
D. CO₂ → O₂ + Water

Answer: A. CO₂ + H₂O → Glucose + O₂
This process captures sunlight to form glucose while releasing oxygen. Therefore, photosynthesis is both essential for plants and beneficial to animals.

Question 6 – Human Nutrition

Which vitamin prevents rickets in children?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D

Answer: D. Vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. Consequently, it prevents weak bones and deformities like rickets.

Question 7 – Blood Circulation

Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?

A. Plasma
B. Platelets
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells

Answer: B. Platelets
Platelets trigger clot formation. Without them, injuries would result in excessive bleeding.

Question 8 – Ecology

Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

A. Temperature
B. Humidity
C. Soil pH
D. Plants

Answer: D. Plants
Biotic factors are living things such as plants and animals. In contrast, temperature and soil pH are abiotic factors.

Question 9 – Cell Biology

Which of the following is the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Chloroplast

Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Mitochondria produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Therefore, they are called the “powerhouse.”

Question 10 – Reproduction in Humans

Which hormone is responsible for ovulation in females?

A. Oestrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer: C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
LH triggers ovulation. In addition, it helps prepare the reproductive system for possible fertilization.

Watch the full tutorial here: FULL TUTORIAL

Conclusion

GCE Biology questions test your knowledge of cells, organs, ecology, and vital life processes. However, with consistent practice, you’ll begin to recognize patterns in how questions are asked. Furthermore, answering with explanations improves both your confidence and accuracy.

In summary, use this practice set as a revision guide. Combine it with past questions, and you’ll be well-prepared to score high in your GCE Biology exam.

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3. JUPEB Top Biology Past Questions.
4. Senior Secondary School Biology Questions.
5. NABTEB Biology Past Questions and Answers.

Keywords

• GCE Biology past questions and answers
• Likely Biology questions for GCE 2025
• WAEC and GCE Biology practice questions
• Photosynthesis and cell biology GCE
• Human physiology multiple choice questions