Animal Husbandry (ALT A) Waec Syllabus
Below is this 2026 Waec Syllabus for Animal Husbandry (ALT A). Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.
Aims and Objectives
- basic animal production practices such as feeding, housing, pest and disease control
- the efficient and effective management of animal enterprises
- the application of environmentally friendly practices to sustain production
- the identification of basic problems hindering the improvement of the Animal Industry
- the efficient processing, preservation, packaging, storage and marketing of animals and their products
Scheme of Examination
For candidates in Ghana only
There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.
PAPER 1:
Will consist of fifty multiple choice objective questions all of which must be
answered within 1 hour for 50 marks.
PAPER 2:
Will consist of six essay-type questions. Candidates will be required to
answer four questions within 2 hours for 80 marks.
PAPER 3:
Will be a practical paper for school candidates or a test of practical paper for
private candidates. The paper will consist of four questions, all of which must
be answered within 2 hours for 60 marks.
REQUIREMENTS
1. Schools offering Animal Husbandry are expected to raise at least one species of farm animal from each of the following groups:
(a) Monogastrics, e.g., poultry, pigs, rabbits.
(b) Ruminants e.g. goats, sheep, cattle.
(b) Non-traditional farm animals e.g. grasscutters, snails
2. It is recommended that the schools should have agriculture laboratories where specimens, equipment and chemicals would be kept.
3. It is also recommended that candidates keep practical notebooks which should contain records of activities undertaken and observations made on the school farm and on field trips and of specimens collected.
Detailed Animal Husbandry (ALT A) Syllabus
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS
- anatomy, physiology and the external orientation of farm animals
- Comparative anatomy of digestive system of farm animals
- Digestion and Absorption processes in the various classes of farm animals
- Parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Functions of the ANS
- Endocrine System
- Endocrine glands and their functions
- Hormones and their functions
- Anatomy of the reproductive system of poultry and livestock
- Functions of organs and parts of the reproductive system
- Reproductive processes
- Structure and functions
- Heart and Pulse rate
- Meaning and Importance of Respiration
- Structure and Functions of the Respiratory System
- Meaning and Importance of the Excretion
- Structure and Functions of the Excretory System
- Excretory Products
ANIMAL NUTRITION
- Meaning and Importance
- Modes of feeding
- Types, composition and functions of the feed nutrients
- Classification of feedstuffs
- Food tests
- Producers and suppliers of feedstuffs and supplements
- Common terms used in feed formulation
- Factors considered in the formulation of ration
- Steps in the formulation of ration
- Importance of feed storage and features of storage structures
- Factors that affect the quality of stored feed
ANIMAL HEALTH
- their importance and prevention
- Classification of pathogens
- Pathogenic diseases and their economic importance
- Principles for prevention and
control of diseases of farm animals - Management practices in the prevention and control of diseases of farm animals
- Types and examples
of parasites - Structure, life cycle and mode of feeding
- Conditions that influence parasite population
GENETIC PRINCIPLES AND ANIMAL IMPROVEMENT
- Meaning andvprocess of
artificialvinseminationv(A.I.) - Advantages ofvA.I.
- Signs of heatv(oestrus) and
handling procedures in the
collection and storage of semen
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
MONOGASTRIC AND DOMESTIC PET PRODUCTION
- Definition and characteristics of
poultry - Classes of poultry
- Breeds and types of poultry
- Importance/role of poultry production
- Systems of poultry Production
- Incubation and Hatchery Practices
- Terminologies
- Natural and Artificial Incubation
- Selection of eggs for Hatching
- Conditions necessary for
hatching of eggs - Incubation Process
- Candling of Eggs
- Marketing of the day-
old chicks
- Management Practices
- Processing and marketing of Poultry
- Prospects of producing the various types of poultry
- Types, breeds and characteristics
- Importance of pig production
- Systems of keeping pigs
- Management practices
- Slaughtering, processing and marketing of pigs
- Meaning and Importance of pets
- Management of pets
- Training of Pets
- Marketing of pets
RUMINANT PRODUCTION
- Common Breeds, Distribution and Characteristics
- Importance of sheep and goats
- Management Practices
- Common parasites and diseases and their control
- Processing and marketing
- Breeds and characteristics
- Importance of beef cattle
production - Common Production Systems
- Planning, production and management of cattle for beef and traction
- General management
practices - Processing and marketing
- Major Problems in beef cattle production
- Breeds and features of dairy cow
- Characteristics, sources and importance of milk
- Management practices
- Diseases and their
control - Production, processing and marketing of milk and dairy products
- Problems of dairy cattle production in warm climates
RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT
- Basic terminologies in
pasture and range management - Types of pasture and their features
- Importance of pastures and forage crops in animal production
- Factors that affect the productivity of different types of pasture
- Major forage crops
- Poisonous plants in pasture
- Qualities of good pasture and forage species
- Establishment of pasture
- Improving natural Pastures
- Management of cultivated pastures
- Harvesting of forage crops
- Forage conservation and
its importance - Preparation of hay and silage
- Utilization of crop residue in feeding animals
NON-TRADITIONAL ANIMAL PRODUCTION
- Common breeds
- Importance of producing rabbits
and grasscutters - Manangement Practices
- Processing and Marketing
- Meaning and importance
- External features of Snails
- Types of species
- Site selection
- Management Practices
- Processing and marketing of snails
- Establishing enterprises in animal husbandry